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What is reinforced concrete?

Reinforced concrete is a composite building material, for the production of which steel and concrete are used. In its manufacture, a pre-prepared iron frame is poured with a solution of cement, sand and water. After its hardening, reinforced concrete is obtained, which has the strength of steel and resistance to environmental factors of concrete, while compensating for their disadvantages. In particular, resistance to compression and tension.

Concept and historical background ?

The first reinforced concrete was made by a French gardener who grows exotic plants in the greenhouse of Versailles - Joseph Monier. He was selling palm seedlings with little income. Most of the proceeds had to be given to the cooper, who prepared wooden pots for future palm trees. A ceramic vessel has become a cheap option, but it is a very fragile product, and if the gardener accidentally fell, who did not notice the bag of cement on the floor, it simply broke. But this incident led him to the idea of ​​making pots out of cement and sand. And here our hero suffered a fiasco - the material was easily destroyed over time, the roots of plants with great growth force. To strengthen the structure, he sewed it into a metal frame, but the product lost its aesthetic appearance, so the gardener covered it with another outer layer of concrete. As a result, these pots are practical and inexpensive. After that, Joseph Monier patented his technology and was right, because the properties of such a material have become in demand in construction. Reinforced concrete began to be used everywhere for the creation of buildings and structures that were distinguished by their strength and reliability, resistance to various environmental factors.

Types of manufacturing technology Reinforced concrete products are:

1. Depending on the manufacturing method: Monolithic. They are created at the construction site. The foundation is a prime example of this type. It is produced as follows - a pit is pulled out, in which the formwork is created, a reinforcing mesh is mounted, which is subsequently poured directly with concrete mortar. National teams. The elements of the future prefabricated structure are produced in the workshop, not at the construction site. After they are ready, they are transported to the assembly site. Prefabricated monolithic. Often, the supporting base of the structure is cast in place, and its upper part is assembled from prefabricated elements.

2. Depending on the method of reinforcement: Regular. Pre-stressed. The technology for the production of pre-stressed concrete is quite simple and does not differ much from that used in the production of the usual one. The only difference is that the reinforcing mesh is pre-tensioned, and after the concrete hardens, when the tensioners are removed, the stress energy works in compression, is transferred to the entire product, providing it with increased durability, compensation for weight tensile loads.

The list of the most popular reinforced concrete products and their symbols:
reinforced concrete pipes (T, TBR, TSP); well rings (K); road slabs (PD); piles (C); piles with a rectangular section (SG); slabs for strip foundations (FL); basement wall blocks (FBS); persecution (PRG); bar jumpers (PB); hollow floor slabs (PC). Advantages and disadvantages It is a dense, durable, heavy material that does not absorb moisture well and does not allow air to pass through, and is resistant to temperatures over a wide range.

It has both advantages and disadvantages. 1) Dignity Strength and wear resistance. Self-sealing. Over time, it becomes harder and stronger. Resistance to stress. Durability. Fire resistance. Structures made of this material do not catch fire, do not contribute to combustion. Chemical neutrality. Manufacturability. You can make products of any shape, give them any color with the help of additives. Low cost. 2) disadvantages Low strength compared to pure metal. For the production of products and their constituent elements, a fairly large amount of time is required. Decent mass. Even the use of lightweight concrete does not significantly reduce weight. The likelihood of cracks appearing after shrinkage, which should be noted, do not affect the properties of the product and do not ensure its destruction. Low level of heat and sound insulation. Poor breathability. Buildings created from it require the arrangement of a ventilation system, in case people are planned to stay in them for a long time.

Properties and composition Reinforced concrete contains cement, water, sand and iron. The product uses more concrete than metal. In this case, the specific gravity of iron and the design of the steel frame may be different. It all depends on the product that is planned to be created - slab, column, pile, foundation, etc. Basic properties of reinforced concrete: strength; reliability; durability. Reinforcement types

It happens:
1) depending on the purpose: working; withstanding maximum tensile loads; distributing load over the entire plane of the product.

Pivotal. This category includes rods, rods of any diameter, made by hot rolling technology; reinforcing wire. Manufactured from both low carbon and high carbon steel. The surface of the reinforcing elements can be smooth or corrugated. Concrete types For the production of reinforced concrete structures, both light and heavy concrete can be used. In this case, the latter are often used.

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